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Le secteur minier de la République centrafricaine entre dans une nouvelle phase, mais son évolution reste incertaine. Un code minier révisé, la levée de l’embargo du Processus de Kimberley sur les diamants de conflit et un secteur aurifère en pleine expansion pourraient créer de nouvelles opportunités d’investissement et de recettes publiques. Dans le même temps, la suspension de la RCA de l’Initi

As the conflict in eastern DRC entered its third year of major hostilities between the Rwanda-backed AFC/M23 alliance and the FARDC/Wazalendo coalition, diplomatic efforts continued in early 2026 to advance the peace process. Despite renewed diplomatic momentum and both parties’ stated commitment to the peace processes, the situation on the ground remained marked by continuous violent clashes, shi

Looking back at 2025, we witnessed a year that was defined by escalating conflicts. The AFC/M23’s capture of the provincial capitals of Goma and Bukavu in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in early 2025 directly impacted our team, partners, and activities focused on peace and natural resource governance. The rebel group’s territorial advance and the resulting violence – both with the Cong

On 8 May 2026, the Flemish Government gave its final approval to the draft decree regulating the import, export, transit and transfer of military goods, civilian firearms, essential components and ammunition (Arms Trade Decree) to replace the Arms Trade Decree of 2012. In this report, IPIS and Amnesty International Flanders conclude that the draft fails to ensure effective control of the arms trad

As demand for critical raw materials accelerates, digital traceability has become central to efforts aimed at strengthening responsible sourcing, environmental, social and governance (ESG) oversight, and supply chain resilience. Yet while traceability is increasingly promoted as a key governance tool, important questions remain about its feasibility, scalability and implications for producer count

La préfecture de Boké, en République de Guinée, abrite les plus importantes réserves de bauxite au monde. De la bauxite est extrait l’aluminium, un métal indispensable dans l’industrie de l’armement, de la construction, de l’aéronautique et de la fabrication d’énergies renouvelables. Portée par la demande mondiale, l’exploitation de la bauxite en Guinée s’est fortement accélérée depuis 2015. Néanm

Le 27 janvier 2025, l’Alliance Fleuve Congo/Mouvement du 23 mars (AFC/M23) – soutenue par le Rwanda – a pris le contrôle de Goma, capitale de la province du Nord-Kivu en République démocratique du Congo (RDC), avant de progresser vers Bukavu, capitale du Sud-Kivu, tombée en février 2025. La réémergence du M23 en 2021 et sa progression rapide ont conduit le gouvernement congolais à faire appel à de

Opérationnel depuis mars 2024, le plus long oléoduc d’Afrique, l’oléoduc d’exportation Niger-Bénin (NBEP), relie les champs pétroliers d’Agadem, dans l’est du Niger, au port de Sèmè-Kpodji, dans le sud du Bénin. À l’instar d’autres grands projets d’infrastructures, le NBEP promet d’apporter des avantages considérables tant à ses investisseurs qu’aux pays hôtes. Le projet NBEP devrait favoriser le

On 4 December 2025, Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) signed the US-brokered Washington Accords for Peace and Prosperity, committing to cease hostilities, establish a permanent ceasefire, and implement the 25 April Declaration of Principles and the 27 June Peace Agreement.  However, critical questions have been raised about the prospects for lasting peace in eastern DRC, as Kig

Dans le territoire administratif de Faradje, situé dans la province du Haut-Uélé, au nord-est de la République démocratique du Congo, plus de 5 000 personnes dépendent de l’exploitation artisanale de l’or pour subvenir à leurs besoins et à ceux de leur famille. De nombreuses familles de mineurs artisanaux le font depuis des générations. Elles travaillent actuellement sur des sites qui relèvent dés

Since 2020, West Africa has been experiencing political turmoil characterised by a series of coups d’état, which led to the emergence of two blocs: the coastal countries, which are still members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, who founded the Alliance of Sahel States (AES) in 2023. Combining literature review with primary data collected

Depuis 2022, l’ouest de la République démocratique du Congo (RDC) est en proie à une grave crise sécuritaire et humanitaire, qui a causé la mort de plus de 5 000 personnes et provoqué le déplacement prolongé de 280 000 autres. Alors que l’attention internationale se focalise principalement sur les conflits violents dans l’est du pays, un conflit intercommunautaire aux abords de Kinshasa s’enlise d

The European Union has developed a set of due diligence frameworks aimed at improving corporate accountability in mineral supply chains, particularly those linked to conflict-affected and high-risk areas. These regulations, such as the Conflict Minerals Regulation, the Battery Regulation, and the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), seek to address both social and environmenta

New peace agreements from Washington and Doha have brought hope for initiating a pathway to resolve the ongoing M23-conflict in DRC’s eastern territories in recent months. However, after the signing of the Declaration of Principles in Doha on 19 July, direct negotiations between the DRC and AFC/M23 were intended to result in a comprehensive peace agreement and were planned to begin no later than 8

Women have historically contributed to mining activities across the world, yet their roles have often been overlooked or undervalued. Also in Tanzania’s artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) sector, women face systemic barriers rooted in cultural norms, legal frameworks, and socio-economic structures.   In this study, Thubutu Africa Initiatives (TAI) explores the cultural and social factors

Tanzania is a key source of coloured gemstones, including tsavorite, rubies, and sapphires. The sector, driven largely by artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM), contributes to the national economy but women—who make up 25–30% of the workforce—are often confined to insecure, low-paying roles and see little of its benefits. This report, carried out by HakiMadini with methodological and editorial su

Tanzanite, a rare and valuable gemstone, holds significant economic potential for Tanzania. Yet, the country’s mining sector is marked by persistent socio-economic inequalities, particularly affecting women. In Mirerani – the only place on earth where tanzanite is found – women face systematic barriers to decent work, equipment, training and leadership positions. These challenges – compounded by e

The past year has left many of us witnessing a collapsing world order. In this rapidly evolving global landscape, marked by increasing geopolitical fragmentation, growing competition over critical minerals, and shifting alliances, IPIS has remained focused on its mission: provide governments and private sector actors with fact-based perspectives, support civil society across Sub Saharan Africa and

L’escalade du conflit dans l’est de la RDC a attiré l’attention des médias sur le coltan et son rôle dans la violence. Si la plupart des reportages se sont concentrés sur la production et le commerce (illégal) du coltan dans le Nord-Kivu, la contrebande est également très répandue dans le Sud-Kivu. Ce rapport examine les principales routes de contrebande, les facteurs qui y contribuent et les prat

Cash transfer programmes that provide financial support directly to households have been implemented in many countries as an alternative strategy to fight poverty and to strengthen social protection. In 2021, the Belgian non-profit organisation Eight launched a UCT programme in an artisanal mining zone in the province of Maniema, in the Democratic Republic of Congo. IPIS conducted a pilot and cont