Natural Resources
The research programme Natural Resources brings in-depth research on the exploitation of natural resources and puts into perspective issues such as the redistribution of rents, poor governance and corruption, and the financing of conflicts.
Through field research in African countries south of the Sahara, we look into problems caused by competition over natural resources and try to find solutions to inform decision-making by governments, companies, and practitioners in conflict prevention, peacebuilding, and development. Natural resources are earth materials that humans use to support life and meet their needs. Oil, coal, natural gas, minerals, stone, and sand are natural resources, as are air, sunlight, soil, and water. Unfortunately, they are often at the heart of armed or structural violence. The latter term refers to the root causes of conflict, such as poverty, socio-economic injustice, and discrimination against minorities, which in many cases are related to an unfair distribution of benefits from natural resources.
Through field research in African countries south of the Sahara, we look into problems caused by competition over natural resources and try to find solutions to inform decision-making by governments, companies, and practitioners in conflict prevention, peacebuilding, and development. Natural resources are earth materials that humans use to support life and meet their needs. Oil, coal, natural gas, minerals, stone, and sand are natural resources, as are air, sunlight, soil, and water. Unfortunately, they are often at the heart of armed or structural violence. The latter term refers to the root causes of conflict, such as poverty, socio-economic injustice, and discrimination against minorities, which in many cases are related to an unfair distribution of benefits from natural resources.
In armed conflict, revenues from natural resources can fund warring parties. Gaining control over resource value chains can also be a major motive to spark and perpetuate war. In such contexts, we analyze war economies and try to find out whether resource revenues provide a financial basis to perpetuate violence. For instance, revenues from minerals tainted by conflict at times enter global supply chains causing consumers worldwide to, unknowingly, finance gross human rights violations. Such violations, however, do not necessarily occur in the context of large-scale conflicts. Foreign investors in natural resource exploitation, for example, can become guilty of grave abuses through the misconduct of armed security contractors on their payroll.
When conflicts formally end, peacebuilding and conflict prevention (should) begin. Unfortunately, this seldom leads to structural solutions that address persisting inequalities in the distribution of benefits from Africa’s natural resources. A prime example of costly but inefficient attempts to reduce the conflict potential of natural resources are international control regimes for minerals such as the Kimberley Process or human rights due diligence regulations for 3TG minerals. These international regulatory efforts may seem to offer guarantees to global consumers but, by overlooking the developmental role natural resources should play, they don’t tackle the root causes of conflict.
Much of the work under our natural resources program consists of gathering first-hand information, often in remote and conflict-affected places, to show that communities in African mining areas more often than not suffer the consequences of gross socio-economic injustice, which causes grievances that risk erupting into violence. At the core of our program lies the task we set ourselves to bring this message from the grassroots level to international policymakers.
Recent publications
Natural resources News
Kimberley Process lifts conflict diamonds embargo on the Central African Republic – Q&A
At its 2024 plenary meeting in Dubai, the Kimberley Process (KP) decided to lift the 11-year-old embargo on rough diamond exports from the Central African
Highlights from the OECD Forum on Responsible Mineral Supply Chains
Last week, representatives of civil society, industry, and governments gathered at the 2024 OECD Forum on Responsible Mineral Supply Chains in Paris. Members of the IPIS team
Kufatilia evolves into a civil society network, now equipped with a new platform to follow up on mining incidents
First annual meeting of the newly established Kufatilia network In November 2023, IPIS’ Kufatilia partners traveled to Bunia and Bukavu in the eastern Democratic Republic
IPIS Event: Congolese cobalt, EU regulations, and direct investment
On the 30th of November, IPIS hosted its annual panel discussion, this time on current challenges facing the cobalt sector in the Democratic Republic of
Sharing the results of two years of research into eastern DR Congo’s artisanal mining sector
Since 2021 and in partnership with USAID and the Congolese Ministry of Mines (through its technical service SAEMAPE), IPIS has been undertaking a large-scale project to map
Kufatilia désormais actif dans la province du Lualaba, République Démocratique du Congo
Après une mise en œuvre réussie dans les provinces productrices de 3TG du Nord-Kivu, du Sud-Kivu, de l’Ituri, et du Haut-Uele, IPIS étend son système de signalement et de suivi des incidents Kufatilia à la province du Lualaba, riche en cobalt.
Kufatilia is now active in the cobalt-producing province of Lualaba, in the Democratic Republic of Congo
After a successful implementation in the 3TG-producing provinces of North Kivu, South Kivu, Ituri, and Haut-Uele, IPIS is expanding its incident reporting and monitoring system Kufatilia to the cobalt-rich province of Lualaba.
Feedback session: Sharing the results of the data collected in Walungu, South Kivu
Since 2021, IPIS undertakes another large-scale mapping effort of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sites in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), – in partnership with USAID and