The mining sector of the Central African Republic is entering a new phase, but its trajectory remains uncertain. A revised mining code, the lifting of the Kimberley Process conflict diamond embargo and a rapidly expanding gold sector may create new opportunities for investment and public revenues. At the same time, CAR’s suspension from the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) exposed gaps in civil society participation, contract disclosure and beneficial ownership transparency. Persistent concerns around conflict, elite capture and mercenary-linked business actors raise further questions about oversight and who ultimately benefits from the country’s mineral wealth. Together, these developments underline the need for greater transparency.