{"id":29816,"date":"2023-10-05T12:17:16","date_gmt":"2023-10-05T10:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=29816"},"modified":"2024-01-08T09:56:30","modified_gmt":"2024-01-08T08:56:30","slug":"semi-industrial-gold-mining-and-violence-in-mwenga-south-kivu-democratic-republic-of-congo","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/nl\/publication\/semi-industrial-gold-mining-and-violence-in-mwenga-south-kivu-democratic-republic-of-congo\/","title":{"rendered":"Securing insecurity: Semi-industrial gold mining and violence in Mwenga, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Map_Mwenga-South-Kivu-IPIS-1.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"881\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Map_Mwenga-South-Kivu-IPIS-1-881x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29837\" style=\"width:244px;height:283px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Map_Mwenga-South-Kivu-IPIS-1-881x1024.png 881w, https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Map_Mwenga-South-Kivu-IPIS-1-258x300.png 258w, https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Map_Mwenga-South-Kivu-IPIS-1-768x893.png 768w, https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Map_Mwenga-South-Kivu-IPIS-1-1321x1536.png 1321w, https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Map_Mwenga-South-Kivu-IPIS-1-1761x2048.png 1761w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 881px) 100vw, 881px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since 2011, gradual introduction of novel mining equipment such as crushing mills has led to the increasing mechanization of artisanal gold mining operations in Mwenga territory (South Kivu), including the arrival of semi-industrial mining companies. This report is part of a USAID-funded <a href=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/\/project\/understanding-artisanal-mining-supply-chains-and-conflict-financing-in-drc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">project<\/a> examining the <strong>linkage between armed conflict, insecurity and natural resource exploitation<\/strong> in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Based on interviews, testimonies and geospatial data analysis, it assesses the effects of semi-industrialization on security in the Mwenga Territory.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Location-of-the-semi-industrial-exploitations-in-Mwenga-territory-South-Kivu.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"835\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Location-of-the-semi-industrial-exploitations-in-Mwenga-territory-South-Kivu-835x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29840\" style=\"width:317px;height:389px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Location-of-the-semi-industrial-exploitations-in-Mwenga-territory-South-Kivu-835x1024.png 835w, https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Location-of-the-semi-industrial-exploitations-in-Mwenga-territory-South-Kivu-245x300.png 245w, https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Location-of-the-semi-industrial-exploitations-in-Mwenga-territory-South-Kivu-768x941.png 768w, https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Location-of-the-semi-industrial-exploitations-in-Mwenga-territory-South-Kivu-1253x1536.png 1253w, https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Location-of-the-semi-industrial-exploitations-in-Mwenga-territory-South-Kivu-1671x2048.png 1671w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 835px) 100vw, 835px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/20231208_Semi-industrial-gold-mining-and-violence-in-Mwenga_South-Kivu_accessible-PDF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">This report<\/a> uses the concept of <strong>\u2018practical norms\u2019<\/strong>, which refer to the gap between actual informal practices and the legal provisions that regulate the mining sector. It helps to explain how semi-industrial mining companies have been able to establish and secure their operations in Mwenga.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Official Congolese mining-sector norms are not respected by <strong>semi-industrial mining companies<\/strong>. And instead of consulting local actors prior to gold extraction, these companies resort to opaque networks involving state, customary, and military authorities.&nbsp;Allowing them to militarize gold mining sites, solicit the support of local authorities, and subvert official requirements to provide local communities with compensation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Semi-industrial miners ignore local discontent, instead dividing local civil society <strong>and <\/strong><strong>pitting traditional chiefs against their own populations<\/strong>. In turn, local <strong>communities turn to <\/strong><strong>(<\/strong><strong>violent<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><strong> resistance<\/strong>, and militia attacks have occurred on mine companies\u2019 employees. As <strong>semi-industrial mining companies militarize further in response<\/strong>, prolonged conflict is a growing concern.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The report indicates that the process of <strong>semi-industrialization comes with various risks<\/strong> for local communities. It involves <strong>opacity, undermines governance, incites social destabilization and creates long-term security risks<\/strong>. These risks urgently need to be addressed if the gold sector is to be beneficial to the DRC and its people.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:22px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/20231208_Semi-industrial-gold-mining-and-violence-in-Mwenga_South-Kivu_accessible-PDF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"717\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2023-09-22-at-13.41.55-2-717x1024.png\" alt=\"MWENGA-ASM-SEMI INDUSTRIAL MINING\" class=\"wp-image-29824\" style=\"width:292px;height:412px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2023-09-22-at-13.41.55-2-717x1024.png 717w, https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2023-09-22-at-13.41.55-2-210x300.png 210w, https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Screenshot-2023-09-22-at-13.41.55-2.png 734w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 717px) 100vw, 717px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-3e41869c wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/20231208_Semi-industrial-gold-mining-and-violence-in-Mwenga_South-Kivu_accessible-PDF.pdf\" style=\"background-color:#fa784a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download the report<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><strong>Report findings:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Semi-industrial gold mining actors operate in well-established, powerful networks that enable predatory behavior against local populations. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Semi-industrial mining undermines governance, by creating areas where the State cannot control activities and production, by fostering suspicion over corruption by state and customary authorities, and by making the gold trade more opaque.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Social cohesion is undermined, as semi-industrial gold mining creates deep divisions within local civil society, and pits traditional chiefs against their own populations.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:5px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:27px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Horizontal_RGB_294.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Horizontal_RGB_294.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25070\" style=\"width:291px;height:113px\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Supported by&nbsp;USAID,&nbsp;Integrated Land and Resource Governance (ILRG)&nbsp;project.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since 2011, gradual introduction of novel mining equipment such as crushing mills has led to the increasing mechanization of artisanal gold mining operations in Mwenga territory (South Kivu), including the arrival of semi-industrial mining companies. This report is part of a USAID-funded project examining the linkage between armed conflict, insecurity and natural resource exploitation in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":29908,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"tags":[99,125],"research-program":[4],"publication-category":[11],"country":[42],"publication-author":[7474,14],"partner":[],"publication-researcher":[],"publication-gis":[7218],"maps-data":[],"publication-editor":[],"data-analysis":[],"surveyor":[],"field-research-coordinator":[],"narrative":[],"class_list":["post-29816","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-drc","tag-mining","research-program-natural-resources","publication-category-rapport","country-democratic-republic-of-the-congo","publication-author-claude-iguma-wakenge","publication-author-ken-matthysen","publication-gis-thomas-muller"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.0 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Securing insecurity: Semi-industrial gold mining and violence in Mwenga, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo - IPIS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/publication\/semi-industrial-gold-mining-and-violence-in-mwenga-south-kivu-democratic-republic-of-congo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"nl_NL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Securing insecurity: Semi-industrial gold mining and violence in Mwenga, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Since 2011, gradual introduction of novel mining equipment such as crushing mills has led to the increasing mechanization of artisanal gold mining operations in Mwenga territory (South Kivu), including the arrival of semi-industrial mining companies. 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