{"id":9266,"date":"2020-03-05T13:28:43","date_gmt":"2020-03-05T12:28:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/\/?post_type=publication&p=9266"},"modified":"2020-10-09T11:28:45","modified_gmt":"2020-10-09T09:28:45","slug":"ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni","status":"publish","type":"weekly-briefing","link":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/weekly-briefing\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\/","title":{"rendered":"IPIS Briefing February 2020 – Focus on Beni"},"content":{"rendered":"

The IPIS briefing offers a selection of articles, news and updates on natural resources, armed conflict, Business & Human Rights and arms trade.\u00a0 Every month, an editorial and related publications shed a light on a specific topic in IPIS’ areas of research.<\/em><\/p>\n

In focus: Violence in Beni.<\/strong><\/p>\n

In the news: South African court refuses to extradite convicted Dutch arms dealer; Is the African Union Capable of ‘Silencing the Guns in Africa’?; Armed groups main\u00a0perpetrators of sexual violence in DR Congo.<\/strong><\/p>\n

New subscribers can register here<\/a> to receive the briefing and updates on IPIS’ new maps and reports.<\/em><\/p>\n

This briefing is produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of IPIS and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

IN FOCUS: VIOLENCE IN BENI<\/h1>\n

For decades Beni Territory, an administrative unit in the north of North Kivu Province (eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo), has been affected by a humanitarian crisis. The area is plagued by cycles of violence linked to the presence of both local and foreign armed groups, including a range of local Mai Mai militias and the infamous Allied Democratic Forces (ADF). Since 2014, the population has fallen victim to repeated massacres, which has resulted in more than 2,000 civilian deaths, has displaced many more to local towns, and has led to the collapse of the local economy.<\/p>\n

Violence against the local population continued in 2019 in various parts of Beni territory. Most attacks occurred in the north of Beni town, near the ADF strongholds. Due to the anxiety around the ADF\u2019s cruelties, all attacks north of Beni are widely attributed to ADF. Other armed actors, however, also operate in the area and commit human rights violations. The UN Group of Experts has investigated several of these attacks and has concluded that some of the attacks can be attributed to the ADF, while some \u201cmay not have been conducted by ADF, or at least not by ADF alone\u201d(1)<\/em>. The UN Group of Experts for example explained how an attack on Mavivi in February 2019 might have been linked to a local leadership conflict.<\/p>\n

Armed groups<\/strong><\/p>\n

The ADF<\/strong> is currently one of the most notorious armed groups in eastern DRC. The UN experts estimated that this rebel group has between 790 and 1060 fighters at its disposal, spread over various camps in the Beni area: the Madina-complex (a range of smaller camps in the so-called \u201ctriangle of death\u201d between Oicha, Eringeti and Kamango), Mapobu, Mwalika, and Mulalo- Lahe. The armed group is responsible for a general feeling of insecurity not just north of Beni town, but also further afield in Irumu territory (Ituri Province).<\/p>\n

The group is known for its radical interpretation of Islam, but for the last 25 years is also locally and regionally anchored. Some international press articles have described links between ADF and Islamic State (Daesh), and the latter claimed several attacks against army positions in Beni territory in April 2019. It is however difficult to find direct links between the two. Although, the ADF has suffered serious losses following several military operations launched against them since 2014, the group managed to reinstate a single chain of command, and to maintain a serious military force through continuous recruitment, mainly through networks in Uganda.<\/p>\n

Besides the ADF, a wide range of Mai Mai<\/strong> movements also operate in the Beni area, including Union des patriotes pour la lib\u00e9ration du Congo<\/em> (UPLC), Alliance des Patriotes pour le Salut Int\u00e9gral du Congo<\/em> (APASICO), Musyakulu, Wakombozi and Mazembe. Some recent IPIS research documented how these movements prey on the local population through illegal taxation, pillaging, and even some interference in the local gold mining sector.<\/p>\n

The FARDC<\/strong> conduct adds to the destabilization in eastern DRC. In September 2019 the Deputy UN High Commissioner for Human Rights accused the FARDC of using armed militias as proxies which were responsible for grave violations of human rights in North Kivu.<\/p>\n

Military operation<\/strong><\/p>\n

On 30 October 2019, the FARDC launched a new military operation against the ADF. It was a unilateral initiative from the Congolese government, with limited logistical and intelligence support from MONUSCO.<\/p>\n

The FARDC troops seemed to make significant progress from a military point of view in the \u2018triangle of death\u2019 \u2013 between Eringeti, Mbau and Kamango (to the east of the Beni-Eringeti axis). According to FARDC communications, several ADF strongholds were captured, as well as several rebellion commanders. These gains however came at a terrible human cost. ADF fighters responded to the attacks through abductions and revenge killings against the local population. According to an evaluation report, commissioned by the UN, more than 260 civilians died in November-December 2019 following attacks from alleged ADF rebels. The ADF\u2019s strategy of terror, but especially the ambiguous role of some FARDC elements and the perceived inertia of the UN blue helmets, created a lot of anger among the local population. Late November 2019, protesters in Beni even stormed and set on fire the town hall, as well as the MONUSCO headquarters, frustrated by lack of response to yet another massacre of eight civilians.<\/p>\n

Early 2020, for several weeks no new rebel attacks occurred. The FARDC expressed a lot of positivism, stating it was dealing serious blows to the ADF. On January 11, the spokesperson of the military operation Major Mack Hazukayi reported that 40 rebels had been killed, among which 5 leaders. Furthermore, several important ADF camps were captured, including Mayangosa, Mwalika, Chochota, and Medina.<\/p>\n

However, the lack of retaliation attacks from ADF was no more than a short break. The resurgence of violence and killings late January 2020, showed that the above statements of the rebels\u2019 military defeat were no more than wishful thinking, and that the ADF is not that easy to wipe out. Since January 21 a string of new violent and fatal incidents have occurred. Although these attacks are often subscribed to ADF, but might, in several cases, also have been conducted by other armed men, most notably Mai Mai. Late January more than 100 civilians were killed in just a few days. The violence and massacres continued in February, for example in Rwenzori sector.<\/p>\n

Some considerations<\/strong><\/p>\n

Several observers, analysts and civil society actors have already expressed their concerns on the current failing strategies to deal with ADF, and with insecurity more in general in the Beni area. Local civil society actors expressed a feeling of being abandoned by the international community following the inactiveness from the UN against the latest wave of massacres. There has also been some criticism from civil society and Jean Paul Ngahangondi (provincial MP) stating that the military operation is not very effective against ADF\u2019s activities. While the military operation focuses on the \u2018triangle of death\u2019, located to the east of the Beni-Eringeti axis, the latest wave of massacres occurred rather to the west of that axis. The evaluation report commissioned by the UN called for a strengthened cooperation between MONUSCO and the Congolese Army and Police, to consolidate progress made by the military operations and to improve the protection of civilians. Such cooperation should however go beyond ADF, and address all sources of insecurity in the Beni area.<\/p>\n

Some positive signs have been noted over the past six months, as some UPLC and APASICO rebels showed interest to demobilise, which lead to improving levels of security to the West of Beni town, late 2019. These gains are however very fragile. Furthermore, civil society complains about continuous collaboration between some actors within the army and armed group elements.<\/p>\n

Through military operations, it might be possible to capture (all of) ADF strongholds. A complete victory over the ADF, on the other hand, will require a more comprehensive strategy. These rebels have been embedded in the area for the last 25 years, and have developed well-established support networks. Fahey described how strategies to deal with ADF should also involve additional efforts to dismantle the group\u2019s regional support networks, which continue to supply recruits and money. Furthermore, more intelligence should be gathered to understand how the rebels remain a useful enemy for some political actors.<\/p>\n

Ken Matthysen<\/p>\n

(1) UN Group of Experts on the DRC, Final Report, 7 June 2019, S\/2019\/469<\/p>\n

FURTHER READING<\/h2>\n

Beni victims say attackers wore military uniforms<\/a>\u00a0|<\/span> 22 February 2020 <\/span>|<\/span> Al Jazeera<\/span><\/p>\n

Victims of recent attacks by an armed group in the eastern DRC have told Al Jazeera the assailants wore military uniforms and killed indiscriminately.<\/p>\n

Plus de 100.000 civils contraints de fuir les violences ces deux derniers mois<\/a> <\/span>|<\/span> 11 February 2020 <\/span>|<\/span> ONU Info<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019Agence des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (HCR) est vivement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9e par la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la situation dans le territoire de Beni, \u00e0 l\u2019est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), o\u00f9 la violence a contraint plus de 100.000 civils \u00e0 fuir leur foyer ces deux derniers mois.<\/span><\/p>\n

Militia attack leaves dozens dead in Congo\u2019s Beni region<\/a> |<\/span> 30 January 2020 <\/span>|<\/span> The New Humanitarian<\/span><\/p>\n

Militia fighters in the Democratic Republic of Congo\u2019s eastern Beni region have killed at least 38 people \u2013 the deadliest in a string of similarly bloody attacks that have caused widespread outrage and mass protests in the Ebola-hit area.<\/span><\/p>\n

Human Rights Chief Will Focus on Hema-Lendu Ethnic Violence on Visit to DR Congo<\/a> |<\/span> 23 January 2020 <\/span>|<\/span> VOA News<\/span><\/p>\n

U.N. human rights chief Michelle Bachelet arrives in Bunia, in the northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo on Thursday at the start of a five-day official visit to the country. The main focus of the high commissioner\u2019s visit is to follow up on a recent investigation by her office on inter-ethnic tensions between the Lendu and Hema communities. <\/span><\/p>\n

DRC: inter-ethnic violence in Ituri may constitute \u201ccrimes against humanity\u201d<\/a> |<\/span> 10 January 2020 <\/span>|<\/span> United Nations Joint Human Rights Office <\/span>|<\/span> OHCHR<\/span><\/p>\n

Killings, rapes and other forms of violence targeting the Hema community in the Democratic Republic of Congo province of Ituri may amount to crimes against humanity, a UN report released on Friday said.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ituri: l\u2019arm\u00e9e congolaise d\u00e9nonce des complicit\u00e9s locales<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>|<\/span> 26 December 2019 <\/span>|<\/span> Colette Braeckman <\/span>|<\/span> Blog Le Soir<\/span><\/p>\n

Dans l\u2019Est du Congo, l\u2019arm\u00e9e congolaise est d\u00e9ploy\u00e9e sur deux fronts : le Nord et le Sud Kivu o\u00f9 elle traque des groupes de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s hutus rwandais dont 1800 combattants et d\u00e9pendants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ramen\u00e9s \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re de leur pays et l\u2019Ituri, dans le \u00ab Grand Nord \u00bb du Nord Kivu, un vaste territoire voisin de l\u2019Ouganda. La guerre en Ituri s\u2019av\u00e8re beaucoup plus complexe et surtout beaucoup plus meurtri\u00e8re que les offensives men\u00e9es plus au sud. En effet, en contrepoint des mouvements militaires, elle s\u2019accompagne de tueries qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait plus de 200 morts.<\/span><\/p>\n

Midterm report of the Group of Experts submitted in accordance with paragraph 4 of resolution 2478 (2019)<\/a>(S\/2019\/974) (pdf) | 20 December 2019 | Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo | UN Security Council<\/span><\/p>\n

The Group notes that, since the outset of its mandate, there have been increased armed clashes between the armed groups Nduma d\u00e9fense du Congo-R\u00e9nov\u00e9 (NDC-R) and the Collectif des mouvements pour le changement (CMC) in Masisi and Rutshuru territories, North Kivu Province.<\/span><\/p>\n

Du Nord au Sud le Kivu br\u00fble<\/a> <\/span>|<\/span> 16 December 2019 <\/span>|<\/span> Colette Braeckman <\/span>|<\/span> Blog Le Soir<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u2019une fronti\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019autre, depuis les rives du lac Tanganyika jusqu\u2019aux rivages du lac Albert, le Kivu, Nord et Sud, br\u00fble du feu de la guerre. A Beni la mort est quotidienne, l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 totale, mais plus au Sud aussi, des groupes arm\u00e9s en d\u00e9bandade accompagn\u00e9s de civils h\u00e9b\u00e9t\u00e9s errent dans les for\u00eats et les massifs montagneux, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse du parc des Virunga au Nord ou du parc de Kahuzi Biega aux portes de Bukavu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Une psychose totale gagne la population du Nord-Kivu<\/a> <\/span>|<\/span> 10 December 2019 <\/span>|<\/span> MO Magazine<\/span><\/p>\n

Samedi 30 septembre, Beni. Un couple a \u00e9t\u00e9 lapid\u00e9 parce que des citadins pensaient avoir \u00e0 faire \u00e0 des rebelles ADF NALU\u2019s. Leur fille de douze ans a pu \u00e9chapper au m\u00eame sort de justesse gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019action courageuse de quelques femmes.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019Est du Congo, nouvelle cible du combat djihadiste?<\/a> <\/span>|<\/span> 7 December 2019 <\/span>|<\/span> Colette Braeckman <\/span>|<\/span> Blog Le Soir<\/span><\/p>\n

De Beni, dans le Grand Nord du Kivu jusque Uvira sur les rives du lac Tanganyika, l\u2019Est de la r\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo repr\u00e9sente-t-il un nouveau front de la progression de l\u2019Islam en Afrique et, de mani\u00e8re plus inqui\u00e9tante, une nouvelle base d\u2019op\u00e9rations et de sanctuaires pour des mouvements appartenant \u00e0 la n\u00e9buleuse djihadiste, d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sente sur les c\u00f4tes de l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Indien, du Mozambique jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la Somalie et au Kenya ?<\/span><\/p>\n

Handheld Violence. Geographic Consumption of Conflict Mineral Coltan<\/a> | 26 November 2019 | Storymaps Arcgis<\/span><\/p>\n

So small, that a child who can barely speak can hold. So precious, millions of electronics from phone to airplane rely on it. So deadly, families are being forced to work in mines and villages are destroyed just for the control of the mine. This is the story of Columbite-Tantalite or commonly known as Coltan, a mineral found in Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spirale de violence au Sud Kivu<\/a> <\/span>|<\/span> 20 November 2019 <\/span>|<\/span> Colette Braeckman <\/span>|<\/span> Blog Le Soir<\/span><\/p>\n

Depuis plusieurs mois, le Sud Kivu est pris dans une spirale de violence, et plus particuli\u00e8rement la r\u00e9gion de Fizi et la zone dite des hauts plateaux o\u00f9 vit la communaut\u00e9 des Tutsis congolais Banyamulenge. Le repr\u00e9sentant de l\u2019ONU \u00e0 Kinshasa, Fran\u00e7ois Grignon, s\u2019en est \u00e9mu, relevant qu\u2019en octobre seulement, 90 \u00ab incidents \u00bb avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9s entra\u00eenant le d\u00e9placement de plusieurs centaines de personnes dont les maisons avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n

Atrocities, Populations Under Siege, Regional Tensions: What is Happening in Minembwe?<\/a> <\/span>|<\/span> 29 October 2019 <\/span>| Kivu Security Tracker<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cGenocide.\u201d That terrible word, which reverberates louder in the Great Lakes region than elsewhere was once again voiced, on October 16, like a stone cast into rough waters. This is how representatives of the Banyamulenge described the situation in the highlands of South Kivu in a press release. This community of Rwandaphone Tutsi cattle breeders claims it is being targeted by an extermination plan, led by the Mai-Mai Ebu-Ela, Aochi, Mulumba and Biloze-Bishambuke groups, allied with Burundi rebel groups. Is this really the situation? <\/span><\/p>\n

In eastern Congo, a local conflict flares as regional tensions rise<\/a> <\/span>|<\/span> 28 October 2019 <\/span>|<\/span> The New Humanitarian<\/span><\/p>\n

More than 200,000 people have fled fighting in the Democratic Republic of Congo\u2019s South Kivu highlands in recent months as a long-simmering struggle over land, power, and citizenship descends into village burnings and widespread killings.<\/span><\/p>\n

Letter dated 24 October 2019 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security <\/a>Council<\/a>(S\/2019\/842) (pdf) | 25 October 2019 | UN Secretary-General | UN Security Council<\/span><\/p>\n

I am pleased to transmit the independent strategic review report of MONUSCO conducted by Youssef Mahmoud. The five sections of the report encompass an evaluation of the current political challenges and opportunities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, an assessment of the current mandated tasks of MONUSCO, suggested new tasks, and conditions for a responsible drawdown.<\/span><\/p>\n

Congo\u2019s South Kivu Powder Keg<\/a> <\/span>|<\/span> 16 October 2019 <\/span>|<\/span> Clingendael Spectator<\/span><\/p>\n

The Eastern South Kivu province of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is witnessing an alarming resumption of violence. Local civilians are increasingly caught between Congolese ethnic militias and foreign armed rebellions from Burundi and Rwanda. The current UN stabilization mission MONUSCO \u2013 composed of over 20,000 personnel at a yearly cost of more than 1 billion USD[1] \u2013 fails to provide a comprehensive, localized response needed to promote lasting stability and social cohesion. Current circumstances call for a rethinking of peace initiatives, based on a more profound understanding of the root causes of tensions.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Endless Trauma of Congo\u2019s Forgotten War<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>|<\/span> 10 October 2019 <\/span>|<\/span> The Nation<\/span><\/p>\n

The boy was sitting next to his father, as he so often did. He mimicked his dad in every way. He wanted to be just like him, but Muhindo Maronga Godfroid, then a 31-year-old primary school teacher and farmer, had bigger plans for his 2-and-a-half-year-old son. He would go to university one day. He would become a \u201cbig name\u201d\u2014not just in their village of Kibirizi, but in North Kivu Province, maybe the entire Democratic Republic of Congo. The boy was exceedingly smart. He was, Godfroid said, \u201camazing.\u201d He could grow up to be a leader in a country in desperate need of them.<\/span><\/p>\n

RDC : \u201cPour en finir avec l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le Sud-Kivu, il faut une approche r\u00e9gionale\u201d<\/a> | 18 July 2019 | Jeune Afrique<\/span><\/p>\n

Violences des groupes arm\u00e9s, propagation de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie d\u2019Ebola dans le Nord-Kivu voisin, pr\u00e9sence de l\u2019arm\u00e9e rwandaise en territoire congolais\u2026 Th\u00e9o Ngwabidje Kasi, gouverneur de la province du Sud-Kivu, revient sur les principaux dossiers et expose la strat\u00e9gie qu\u2019il compte mettre en \u0153uvre pour lutter contre les multiples facteurs d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. <\/span><\/p>\n

IN THE NEWS<\/h1>\n

BUSINESS & HUMAN RIGHTS<\/h2>\n

The EU must stop importing human rights violations<\/a> | 24 February 2020 | Euractiv<\/span><\/p>\n

The EU needs to adopt a mandatory due diligence approach to supply chain management to ensure that it stops importing human rights violations, argue Anna Cavazzini and Heidi Hautala.<\/span><\/p>\n

Liberian, Dutch and Indonesian NGOs Report ING Bank over Oil Palm Investment<\/a> | 19 February 2020 | Front Page Africa<\/span><\/p>\n

The nongovernmental organization, Sustainable Development Institute (SDI), and Dutch and Indonesian campaign groups Milieudefensie (Friends of the Earth) Netherlands and WALHI, have lodged a compliant with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) against the Dutch banking giant ING Group. <\/span><\/p>\n

Apple removed 18 smelters and refiners in 2019 for flouting conflict mineral code of conduct<\/a> | 6 February 2020 | Apple Insider<\/span><\/p>\n

Apple in a report on mineral sourcing issued Thursday said 18 smelters and refiners that were not willing to participate in third-party audits were removed from its supply chain in 2019, resulting in a 100% audit participation rate for the fifth consecutive year. <\/span><\/p>\n

Female Genital Mutilation costs $1.4 billion annually: UN health agency<\/a> | 5 February 2020 | UN News<\/span><\/p>\n

Female Genital Mutilation Hurts Women and Economies<\/a> | 6 February 2020 | WHO<\/span><\/p>\n

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) poses serious risks to the health and well-being of women and girls, but it also exacts a crippling economic toll, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). New modelling by the UN agency to coincide with the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation, marked on Thursday, reveals that the cost of treating the total health impacts of FGM would amount to $1.4 billion globally per year. <\/span><\/p>\n

Burundi : Des journalistes condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019issue d\u2019un proc\u00e8s entach\u00e9 d’irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9s<\/a> | 3 February 2020 | Human Rights Watch<\/span><\/p>\n

Le verdict de culpabilit\u00e9 prononc\u00e9 le 30 janvier 2020 \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de quatre journalistes burundais, \u00e0 l\u2019issue d\u2019un proc\u00e8s entach\u00e9 d’irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9s, est un exemple clair de manipulation du syst\u00e8me judiciaire dans le but d\u2019\u00e9touffer la libert\u00e9 d’expression, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Human Rights Watch aujourd\u2019hui.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tanzanie : Les personnes LGBT priv\u00e9es de soins de sant\u00e9 et d\u2019autres droits<\/a> | 3 February 2020 | Human Rights Watch<\/span><\/p>\n

Les politiques de sant\u00e9 du gouvernement tanzanien emp\u00eachent les lesbiennes, gays, bisexuels et transgenres (LGBT) et d’autres personnes soumises au risque du VIH d\u2019obtenir des soins ad\u00e9quats, mettant en danger la sant\u00e9 publique, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Human Rights Watch dans nouveau. rapport publi\u00e9 aujourd’hui.<\/span><\/p>\n

EU conflict minerals legislation set to strengthen<\/a> | 3 February 2020 | Mining Weekly<\/span><\/p>\n

The European Union\u2019s (EU\u2019s) new conflict minerals regulation is due to come into force on 1 janvier 2021, almost four years after the text of the legislation was initially published in May 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Africa: Mining gathering must confront human rights violations<\/a> | 3 February 2020 | Amnesty International<\/span><\/p>\n

Mining companies and their stakeholders, including investors, governments and politicians, must confront the human rights abuses that are rife in the industry, Amnesty International said today, as the world\u2019s biggest mining investment conference begins in Cape Town.<\/span><\/p>\n

Anti-Trafficking Efforts Face Resistance in Uganda\u2019s Karamoja Region<\/a> | 2 February 2020 | Global Press Journal<\/span><\/p>\n

In Karamoja, Uganda, children often end up in the capital to beg or work. But as parents and community members learn about the dangers and dismal conditions these children face, public opinion on child trafficking is beginning to change.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Netherlands Adopts Business and Human Rights Legislation to Combat Child Labor<\/a> | February 2020 | Jones Day<\/span><\/p>\n

On 13 novembre 2019, the Child Labor Due Diligence Act (\u00ab\u00a0Act\u00a0\u00bb) was published in the Dutch Government Gazette. The law introduces a duty of care for companies to prevent the supply of goods or services which have come into existence using child labor. The Act’s exact date of entry into force is not yet known.<\/p>\n

Risk Bulletin of Illicit Economies in Eastern and Southern Africa #4<\/a> | 30 January 2020 | Civil Society Observatory of Illicit Economies in Eastern and Southern Africa<\/span><\/p>\n

This edition of the Risk Bulletin of Illicit Economies in Eastern and Southern Africa covers a diverse range of criminal markets, from ivory trafficking to counterfeit medicines. It focuses in particular on national-level responses to organized crime, and how policy and regulation across all branches of government can shape criminal dynamics.<\/span><\/p>\n

NATURAL RESOURCES<\/h2>\n

Rwandan tin smelter certified conflict-free<\/a> | 24 February 2020 | Mining Review<\/span><\/p>\n

LuNa Smelter, the only tin smelter in East Africa, has been certified as conflict-free in accordance with the Responsible Minerals Assurance Process \u2013 the flagship programme of the Responsible Minerals Initiative.<\/span><\/p>\n

Militia strike gold to cast a shadow over Sudan’s hopes of prosperity<\/a> | 10 February 2020 | The Guardian<\/span><\/p>\n

Supported by wealthy foreign backers, a feared paramilitary outfit controls Sudan\u2019s most lucrative industry, complicating the country\u2019s path to democracy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Court convicts Belgian gold refinery Tony Goetz of money laundering<\/a> | 5 February 2020 | Reuters<\/span><\/p>\n

Two brothers from a Belgian gold refinery have been found guilty by a court in Antwerp of money laundering and fraud and given 18-month suspended jail sentences, a court ruling showed.<\/span><\/p>\n

RDC: un chef rebelle pygm\u00e9e condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 15 ans de prison pour d\u00e9forestation<\/a> | 4 February 2020 | Geo<\/span><\/p>\n

Un chef rebelle pygm\u00e9e a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 mardi \u00e0 15 ans de prison pour \u00ab\u00a0destruction m\u00e9chante\u00a0\u00bb du parc de Kahuzi-Biega \u00e0 l’issue d’un proc\u00e8s express dans l’est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, ont rapport\u00e9 des correspondants de l’AFP.<\/span><\/p>\n

Venezuela: Violent Abuses in Illegal Gold Mines<\/a> | 4 February 2020 | Human Rights Watch<\/span><\/p>\n

Residents of Venezuela\u2019s southern Bol\u00edvar state are suffering amputations and other horrific abuses at the hands of armed groups, including Venezuelan groups called \u201csyndicates\u201d in the area and Colombian armed groups operating in the region, both of which exercise control over gold mines, Human Rights Watch said today. The armed groups seem to operate largely with government acquiescence, and in some cases government involvement, to maintain tight social control over local populations.<\/span><\/p>\n

Influential G\u00e9camines\u2019 boss Albert Yuma caught between Kabila and Tshisekedi<\/a> | 3 February 2020 | The Africa Report<\/span><\/p>\n

Although backed by Joseph Kabila, the G\u00e9camines\u2019 boss \u2013 who is currently entangled in a dispute with Israeli businessman Dan Gertler \u2013 could end up bearing the brunt of President F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi\u2019s anticorruption policy.<\/span><\/p>\n

ARMS TRADE<\/h2>\n

South African Court Won’t Extradite Dutch Arms Dealer Tied to Charles Taylor<\/a>\u00a0| 21 February 2020 | NLTimes<\/span><\/p>\n

South Africa will not extradite Dutch businessman and convicted arms dealer Guus Kouwenhoven to the Netherlands, the court in Cape Town ruled on Friday. The Dutch man was sentenced to 19 years in prison in 2017 for war crimes and selling arms in Liberia, AD reports.<\/p>\n

La RDC n\u2019a toujours pas d\u00e9pos\u00e9 son instrument de ratification de la Convention pour le contr\u00f4le des armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res et de petit calibre<\/a> | 17 February 2020 | Actualit\u00e9.cd<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019organisation Cri de Secours contre la Prolif\u00e9ration des Armes L\u00e9g\u00e8res en Afrique (CRISPAL-Afrique) demande \u00e0 Tumba Nzeza Marie, Ministre des Affaires Etrang\u00e8res d\u2019instruire la Mission Permanente de la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo pr\u00e8s les Nations Unies de proc\u00e9der au d\u00e9p\u00f4t aupr\u00e8s du Secr\u00e9tariat G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019ONU de l\u2019instrument de ratification de la Convention de Kinshasa pour le contr\u00f4le en Afrique centrale des armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res et de petit calibre, de leurs munitions. <\/span><\/p>\n

Spread of 1 Billion Small Arms, Light Weapons Remains Major Threat Worldwide, High Representative for Disarmament Affairs Tells Security Council<\/a> | 5 February 2020 | SC\/14098 | UN Security Council <\/span><\/p>\n

The widespread proliferation of approximately 1 billion small arms in circulation around the world – to terrorists, parties to intra-State conflict, organized criminals and warring gangs – continues to pose a major threat around the globe, the senior United Nations disarmament official told the Security Council today.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019Afrique gravement touch\u00e9e par le fl\u00e9au des armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res et de petits calibres<\/a> | 5 February 2020 | ONU Info<\/span><\/p>\n

Half of all violent deaths involve small arms and light weapons<\/a> | 5 February 2020 | UN News<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019ONU a alert\u00e9 mardi sur la circulation et l\u2019utilisation en grand nombre d\u2019armes l\u00e9g\u00e8res et de petits calibres qui alimentent les conflits partout dans le monde, tout particuli\u00e8rement en Afrique.<\/span><\/p>\n

Is the African Union Capable of ‘Silencing the Guns in Africa’?<\/a> | 5 February 2020 | AllAfrica<\/span><\/p>\n

To really silence the guns, the AU\u2019s resolve must be stronger<\/a> | 5 February 2020 | Mail & Guardian<\/span><\/p>\n

Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa\u2019s Development<\/a> | 29 January 2020 | African Union | The East African<\/span><\/p>\n

This year’s African Union (AU) summit, which draws the continent’s heads of state and government together in Addis Ababa in the coming days, is being held under the theme, Silencing the Guns: Creating Conducive Conditions for Africa’s Development. While the principal aim of a campaign to be launched at the summit is removing illegal weapons from circulation, the ambitious scope suggested by the theme’s title begs the question: are the AU and its constituent bodies fit for the purpose of building peace?<\/span><\/p>\n

Embargo sur les armes en Centrafrique : la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile exprime son indignation<\/a> | 5 February 2020 | Agence d’Information d’Afrique Centrale<\/span><\/p>\n

Le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations unies a reconduit, le 31 janvier dernier, l\u2019embargo sur les armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine en d\u00e9pit de quelques exemptions. Pour la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile centrafricaine, \u201cc\u2019est une situation inadmissible\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Central African Republic Welcomes Russia’s Offer To Provide Light Weapons<\/a> | 5 February 2020 | UrduPoint<\/span><\/p>\n

The Central African Republic welcomes Russia’s offer to supply it with light weapons free of charge while the UN Security Council continues to ban the country from importing heavy weapons, the charge d’affaires at the country’s embassy in Moscow, Jean-Jacques Mbokoto, told Sputnik.<\/span><\/p>\n

Centrafrique : l\u2019ONU renouvelle l\u2019embargo sur les armes pour six mois<\/a> | 3 February 2020 | Agence d’Information d’Afrique Centrale<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cLe Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u00e9cide que, jusqu\u2019au 31 juillet 2020, tous les \u00c9tats membres devront continuer de prendre les mesures n\u00e9cessaires pour emp\u00eacher la fourniture, la vente ou le transfert directs ou indirects \u00e0 la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, d\u2019armements et de mat\u00e9riel connexe de tous types\u201d, pr\u00e9cise la r\u00e9solution publi\u00e9e le 1er f\u00e9vrier.<\/p>\n

CONFLICT<\/h2>\n

Sahel Militaries Need Better Governance to Face the Terror Threat<\/a> | 28 February 2020 | ISS | AllAfrica<\/span><\/p>\n

Terror attacks on soldiers in Sahel states are raising questions about these armies’ ability to withstand extremist threats and protect their populations. A total of 271 soldiers have died in recent attacks on military camps in Chinagodar and Inat\u00e8s in Niger, Ind\u00e9limane and Boulkessi in Mali, and Koutougou in Burkina Faso – the Liptako-Gourma region.<\/span><\/p>\n

Violences sexuelles : les groupes arm\u00e9s demeurent les principaux auteurs<\/a> | 27 February 2020 | Agence d’information d’Afrique centrale<\/span><\/p>\n

Le Bureau conjoint des Nations unies aux droits de l\u2019homme (BCNUDH) affirme avoir document\u00e9, en janvier 2020, six cent cinquante violations des droits de l\u2019homme \u00e0 travers le territoire de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC). Notant qu\u2019il y a une augmentation de 5% par rapport au mois de d\u00e9cembre 2019 pendant lequel il a recens\u00e9 six cent dix-neuf violations, le bureau onusien pointe principalement du doigt les membres de ces dits groupes arm\u00e9s, suivi de ceux de la police et de l\u2019arm\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\n

La r\u00e9gion des Grands-Lacs fragilis\u00e9e par les tensions entre le Rwanda et l\u2019Ouganda<\/a> | 24 February 2020 | Le Monde<\/span><\/p>\n

Peut-\u00eatre se connaissent-ils trop bien. Ensemble, les pr\u00e9sidents de l\u2019Ouganda, Yoweri Museveni, et du Rwanda, Paul Kagame, ont v\u00e9cu dans le maquis et men\u00e9 des guerres. A la t\u00eate de r\u00e9gimes politico-militaires panachant autoritarisme et lib\u00e9ralisme \u00e9conomique, ils se sont progressivement impos\u00e9s comme les hommes forts de la r\u00e9gion meurtrie des Grands-Lacs.<\/span><\/p>\n

How Jihadists Are Fuelling Inter-Communal Conflict in Burkina Faso<\/a> | 20 February 2020 | The New Humanitarian | AllAfrica<\/span><\/p>\n

Dagnoudou Ou\u00e9draogo blames jihadist groups for uprooting his family last year in northern Burkina Faso. But he also blames his neighbours – ethnic Fulani cattle herders that he claims are working side by side with the extremists.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Berber factor in African geopolitics<\/a> | 20 February 2020 | United World<\/span><\/p>\n

The Berbers are the indigenous people of North and West Africa, the ethnic substrate on which Arabization was later superimposed. Despite the fact that Arabs make up the majority, a significant part of the population from Libya to Mauritania has Berber roots. The size of the Berber (Amazigh) population is estimated to be between 30 and 50 million people, making them one of the largest nations in the world without their own state.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thousands Flee Brutal Attacks by Armed Groups in Northern Mozambique<\/a> | 7 February 2020 | VOA<\/span><\/p>\n

The United Nations refugee agency reports thousands of people in Mozambique\u2019s Cabo Delgado province are fleeing a recent escalation of violence and brutal attacks by armed groups.<\/span><\/p>\n

Un groupe jihadiste Malien a fait all\u00e9geance \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat islamique<\/a> | 5 February 2020 | Jforum<\/span><\/p>\n

Dirig\u00e9 par Adnane Abou Walid Al-Sahraoui, l\u2019\u00c9tat islamique au grand Sahara [EIGS] est n\u00e9 en 2015, d\u2019une scission de l\u2019organisation \u201cAl-Mourabitoune\u201d, qui r\u00e9unissait alors des combattants du Mouvement pour l\u2019unicit\u00e9 et le jihad en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest [Mujao] et du groupe \u201cLes signataires par le sang\u201d de Mokthar Belmokhtar, dont tout laisse \u00e0 penser qu\u2019il n\u2019est actuellement plus de ce monde.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gold mine gangs tote AK-47s to outgun South African police<\/a> | 3 February 2020 | Mining Weekly<\/span><\/p>\n

At 22:00 on the second Sunday in December, a criminal platoon armed with AK-47 and R6 assault rifles stormed one of the largest gold mines still operating on South Africa\u2019s fabled Witwatersrand basin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Clashes in diamond hub shed light on C.Africa\u2019s ethnic tensions<\/a> | 31 January 2020 | Nehanda Radio<\/span><\/p>\n

The clashes in Bria, northeastern CAR, left about 50 dead, according to the authorities \u2014 the highest toll in the town since the government and 14 armed groups signed a peace pact last February 6, and aid workers there fear fighting will soon resume.<\/span><\/p>\n

Au Sahel, la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration humanitaire la plus rapide de la plan\u00e8te<\/a> | 31 January 2020 | La Croix<\/span><\/p>\n

Action contre la faim (ACF) et le Conseil norv\u00e9gien pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (NRC) s\u2019alarment, vendredi 31 janvier, de la d\u00e9gradation spectaculaire de la situation humanitaire dans le Sahel. Les deux ONG, dans une conf\u00e9rence de presse conjointe organis\u00e9es \u00e0 Paris, ont fait aussi \u00e9tat des obstacles politiques et s\u00e9curitaires qui paralysent leurs actions.<\/span><\/p>\n

US military chief in Africa argues for vital US presence<\/a> | 30 January 2020 | The Tribune<\/span><\/p>\n

The head of U.S. military forces in Africa argued Thursday against troop cuts on the vast and booming continent, saying strategic partnerships in combating a growing extremist threat and assertive Chinese and Russian influence cannot be sacrificed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Environmental degradation driving gender-based violence \u2013 IUCN study<\/a> | 30 January 2020 | International Union for Conservation of Nature | YubaNet<\/span><\/p>\n

The degradation of nature can lead to gender-based violence including sexual assault, domestic violence and forced prostitution, according to a new IUCN study published today. Competition over increasingly scarce and degraded resources can exacerbate these forms of violence, the review study finds.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The IPIS briefing offers a selection of articles, news and updates on natural resources, armed conflict, Business & Human Rights and arms trade.\u00a0 Every month, an editorial and related publications shed a light on a specific topic in IPIS’ areas of research. In focus: Violence in Beni. In the news: South African court refuses to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":9270,"template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"publication-author":[],"publication-gis":[],"briefing-category":[7051],"publication-editor":[],"narrative":[],"class_list":["post-9266","weekly-briefing","type-weekly-briefing","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","briefing-category-ipis-briefing"],"yoast_head":"\nIPIS Briefing February 2020 - Focus on Beni - IPIS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/weekly-briefing\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"IPIS Briefing February 2020 - Focus on Beni\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The IPIS briefing offers a selection of articles, news and updates on natural resources, armed conflict, Business & Human Rights and arms trade.\u00a0 Every month, an editorial and related publications shed a light on a specific topic in IPIS’ areas of research. In focus: Violence in Beni. In the news: South African court refuses to […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/weekly-briefing\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IPIS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IPISResearch\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-10-09T09:28:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/20191016_135935.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1545\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"869\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IPISResearch\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"26 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/weekly-briefing\\\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/weekly-briefing\\\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\\\/\",\"name\":\"IPIS Briefing February 2020 - Focus on Beni - IPIS\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/weekly-briefing\\\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/weekly-briefing\\\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/03\\\/20191016_135935.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-03-05T12:28:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-10-09T09:28:45+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/weekly-briefing\\\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/weekly-briefing\\\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/weekly-briefing\\\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/03\\\/20191016_135935.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/03\\\/20191016_135935.jpg\",\"width\":1545,\"height\":869,\"caption\":\"IPIS Briefing February 2020\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/weekly-briefing\\\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Briefings\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/fr\\\/weekly-briefing\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"IPIS Briefing February 2020 – Focus on Beni\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/\",\"name\":\"IPIS\",\"description\":\"INTERNATIONAL PEACE INFORMATION SERVICE\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"IPIS\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/03\\\/logo-IPIS.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/03\\\/logo-IPIS.png\",\"width\":46,\"height\":68,\"caption\":\"IPIS\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipisresearch.be\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/IPISResearch\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/IPISResearch\",\"https:\\\/\\\/be.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/international-peace-information-service-ipis-\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"IPIS Briefing February 2020 - Focus on Beni - IPIS","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/weekly-briefing\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"IPIS Briefing February 2020 - Focus on Beni","og_description":"The IPIS briefing offers a selection of articles, news and updates on natural resources, armed conflict, Business & Human Rights and arms trade.\u00a0 Every month, an editorial and related publications shed a light on a specific topic in IPIS’ areas of research. In focus: Violence in Beni. In the news: South African court refuses to […]","og_url":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/weekly-briefing\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\/","og_site_name":"IPIS","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IPISResearch","article_modified_time":"2020-10-09T09:28:45+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1545,"height":869,"url":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/20191016_135935.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@IPISResearch","twitter_misc":{"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"26 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/weekly-briefing\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\/","url":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/weekly-briefing\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\/","name":"IPIS Briefing February 2020 - Focus on Beni - IPIS","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/weekly-briefing\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/weekly-briefing\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/20191016_135935.jpg","datePublished":"2020-03-05T12:28:43+00:00","dateModified":"2020-10-09T09:28:45+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/weekly-briefing\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/weekly-briefing\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/weekly-briefing\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/20191016_135935.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/20191016_135935.jpg","width":1545,"height":869,"caption":"IPIS Briefing February 2020"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/weekly-briefing\/ipis-briefing-february-2020-focus-beni\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Briefings","item":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/weekly-briefing\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"IPIS Briefing February 2020 – Focus on Beni"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/","name":"IPIS","description":"INTERNATIONAL PEACE INFORMATION SERVICE","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/#organization","name":"IPIS","url":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/logo-IPIS.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/logo-IPIS.png","width":46,"height":68,"caption":"IPIS"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IPISResearch","https:\/\/x.com\/IPISResearch","https:\/\/be.linkedin.com\/company\/international-peace-information-service-ipis-"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/weekly-briefing\/9266","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/weekly-briefing"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/weekly-briefing"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/weekly-briefing\/9266\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18634,"href":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/weekly-briefing\/9266\/revisions\/18634"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9270"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9266"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9266"},{"taxonomy":"publication-author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication-author?post=9266"},{"taxonomy":"publication-gis","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication-gis?post=9266"},{"taxonomy":"briefing-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/briefing-category?post=9266"},{"taxonomy":"publication-editor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication-editor?post=9266"},{"taxonomy":"narrative","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/narrative?post=9266"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}