{"id":39346,"date":"2025-06-18T17:41:13","date_gmt":"2025-06-18T15:41:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/publication\/diamonds-conflict-and-crime-in-the-central-african-republic-the-lifting-of-the-last-kimberley-process-embargo\/"},"modified":"2025-06-18T18:03:57","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T16:03:57","slug":"diamonds-conflict-and-crime-in-the-central-african-republic-the-lifting-of-the-last-kimberley-process-embargo","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/publication\/diamonds-conflict-and-crime-in-the-central-african-republic-the-lifting-of-the-last-kimberley-process-embargo\/","title":{"rendered":"Diamants, conflits et criminalit\u00e9 en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : la lev\u00e9e du dernier embargo du Processus de Kimberley"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Depuis plus d’une d\u00e9cennie, la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine (RCA) est au c\u0153ur des efforts internationaux visant \u00e0 lutter contre le commerce des diamants de conflits. En 2013, le Processus de Kimberley (PK) \u2014 une initiative mondiale op\u00e9rant un syst\u00e8me de certification visant \u00e0 emp\u00eacher les groupes rebelles de financer leurs op\u00e9rations gr\u00e2ce aux revenus g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par les diamants \u2014 a impos\u00e9 un embargo sur les exportations de diamants bruts \u00e0 la suite d’un violent coup d’\u00c9tat et de nombreuses informations faisant \u00e9tat du financement des rebelles par l’exploitation et le commerce des diamants. Si l’embargo a \u00e9t\u00e9 partiellement assoupli entre 2015 et 2019, les progr\u00e8s ont ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 frein\u00e9s par une mont\u00e9e des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques, notamment apr\u00e8s l’arriv\u00e9e de mercenaires du groupe Wagner en RCA et les inqui\u00e9tudes croissantes concernant l’influence grandissante de la Russie dans les secteurs de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de l’exploitation mini\u00e8re du pays. La plupart des zones mini\u00e8res sont rest\u00e9es sous embargo jusqu’en novembre 2024, date \u00e0 laquelle le PK a lev\u00e9 \u2013 de mani\u00e8re assez soudaine \u2013 les derni\u00e8res restrictions, invoquant une am\u00e9lioration de la situation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sur la base d’entretiens avec des mineurs, des n\u00e9gociants, des repr\u00e9sentants de l’\u00c9tat, des repr\u00e9sentants de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et des experts internationaux en Centrafrique, ce nouveau rapport publi\u00e9 par IPIS<\/a> \u00e9value l’impact de l’embargo du PK sur l’exploitation mini\u00e8re artisanale, le financement des conflits et les dynamiques de la contrebande. Il examine \u00e9galement les motivations qui ont conduit \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision de lever l’embargo et \u00e9tudie ses cons\u00e9quences probables pour la RCA et la gouvernance des diamants plus largement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Carte des zones consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme conformes par le PK en RCA (2016-2024) et les zones propos\u00e9es par la RCA mais non approuv\u00e9es par l’\u00e9quipe de surveillance de la RCA du PK (KP CAR Monitoring Team).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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Les principales conclusions montrent que l’embargo, bien qu’il visait \u00e0 emp\u00eacher le financement des conflits, a souvent nui davantage aux mineurs artisanaux qu’aux groupes arm\u00e9s. \u00c0 partir de 2016, la chute des prix des diamants et la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration des conditions \u00e9conomiques ont incit\u00e9 un nombre croissant de mineurs artisanaux \u00e0 se tourner vers l’extraction de l’or, plus facile \u00e0 autofinancer, exempte de sanctions et qui est devenue une source importante de financement des conflits. L’embargo a \u00e9galement aliment\u00e9 la contrebande de diamants et attir\u00e9 divers r\u00e9seaux illicites. Il n’a pas permis de s’attaquer aux probl\u00e8mes structurels plus profonds tels que la corruption, l’ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et les attentes irr\u00e9alistes plac\u00e9es dans la surveillance d’une cha\u00eene d’approvisionnement nationale et internationale tr\u00e8s complexe et fragment\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La d\u00e9cision de lever l’embargo, motiv\u00e9e en grande partie par des pressions politiques, a \u00e9t\u00e9 prise sans strat\u00e9gie claire pour relever ces d\u00e9fis persistants, risquant ainsi de compromettre davantage les efforts visant \u00e0 mettre en place un secteur diamantaire favorable au d\u00e9veloppement inclusif et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme. Elle soul\u00e8ve \u00e9galement de s\u00e9rieuses questions quant \u00e0 la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la pertinence future du PK lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alors que le secteur diamantaire de la RCA red\u00e9marre, le rapport appelle \u00e0 un engagement soutenu de la part du gouvernement, de l’industrie et de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile aux niveaux national, r\u00e9gional et international. Les principales priorit\u00e9s sont le renforcement de la surveillance, un soutien significatif aux mineurs artisanaux, l’am\u00e9lioration de la coop\u00e9ration transfrontali\u00e8re et un engagement renouvel\u00e9 en faveur de la transparence, de la diligence raisonnable et de la responsabilit\u00e9. Sans ces efforts, les m\u00eames sch\u00e9mas d’exploitation et de conflit risquent de se reproduire, qu’un embargo soit en place ou non.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The full report is available in English<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le rapport complet (ENG)<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Ce document a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9 avec le soutien financier de l’Union europ\u00e9enne<\/em>. Son rel\u00e8ve de la seule responsabilit\u00e9 de l’IPIS et ne peut en aucun cas \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme refl\u00e9tant la position de l’Union europ\u00e9enne<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For over a decade, the Central African Republic (CAR) has been at the center of international efforts to curb the trade in conflict diamonds. In 2013, the Kimberley Process (KP) imposed a rough diamond export embargo following a violent coup and widespread reports of rebel financing through diamond mining and trade. While the embargo was partially eased between 2015 and 2019, further progress stalled amid rising geopolitical tensions. Most mining zones remained under embargo until November 2024, when the KP \u2013 rather abruptly \u2013 lifted the remaining restrictions, citing improved conditions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":39300,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"tags":[180,102,7441,7416,5585,125,7503],"research-program":[4],"publication-category":[11],"country":[13],"publication-author":[25],"partner":[],"publication-researcher":[],"publication-gis":[],"maps-data":[7232],"publication-editor":[],"data-analysis":[],"surveyor":[],"field-research-coordinator":[],"narrative":[],"class_list":["post-39346","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-asm","tag-car","tag-diamonds","tag-due-diligence","tag-human-rights","tag-mining","tag-kimberley-process","research-program-natural-resources","publication-category-rapport","country-central-african-republic","publication-author-ipis","maps-data-maps-of-car"],"yoast_head":"\nDiamants, conflits et criminalit\u00e9 en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : la lev\u00e9e du dernier embargo du Processus de Kimberley - IPIS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/publication\/diamonds-conflict-and-crime-in-the-central-african-republic-the-lifting-of-the-last-kimberley-process-embargo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Diamants, conflits et criminalit\u00e9 en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : la lev\u00e9e du dernier embargo du Processus de Kimberley\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For over a decade, the Central African Republic (CAR) has been at the center of international efforts to curb the trade in conflict diamonds. 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