{"id":33723,"date":"2024-03-08T15:05:54","date_gmt":"2024-03-08T14:05:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/?post_type=publication&p=33723"},"modified":"2024-03-12T10:48:49","modified_gmt":"2024-03-12T09:48:49","slug":"barrages-routiers-a-masisi-et-walikale-predation-sur-la-circulation-en-periode-de-troubles","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/publication\/barrages-routiers-a-masisi-et-walikale-predation-sur-la-circulation-en-periode-de-troubles\/","title":{"rendered":"Barrages routiers \u00e0 Masisi et Walikale: Pr\u00e9dation sur la circulation en p\u00e9riode de troubles"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Si les minerais sont au centre des recherches sur le financement des conflits en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, les acteurs arm\u00e9s ont souvent recours \u00e0 d’autres sources de revenus pour financer leurs luttes. Lesbarrages routiers en font. Dans ce rapport<\/a><\/strong>, produit en collaboration avec ASSODIP et le Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS), IPIS \u00e9tudie le lien entre les barrages routiers et le secteur de l’exploitation mini\u00e8re artisanale et \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle<\/strong> (ASM) au niveau local dans les territoires de Masisi et de Walikale au Nord-Kivu, ainsi que leur impact sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 <\/strong>dans la zone.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Barrages routiers \u00e0 Masisi et Walikale, 2023.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de son \u00e9tude, IPIS a recueilli des donn\u00e9es sur l’emplacement, la nature et les op\u00e9rateurs de plus de 110 barrages routiers dans les territoires de Masisi et Walikale. Bien que les barrages routiers puissent remplir diverses fonctions, notamment le contr\u00f4le de la circulation, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/strong> ou la facilitation de la collecte l\u00e9gale des imp\u00f4ts, ils sont souvent \u00e9rig\u00e9s sans mandat officiel.<\/strong> Ainsi, de nombreux barrages routiers existent souvent en tant que m\u00e9canisme d’imposition ill\u00e9gale et de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de revenus pour leurs op\u00e9rateurs. L’\u00e9tude a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu’il n’est pas rare que les barrages routiers changent fr\u00e9quemment de mains, ce qui signifie qu’un barrage peut \u00eatre tenu par diff\u00e9rents op\u00e9rateurs sur une courte p\u00e9riode de temps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le rapport a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que, parmi ces op\u00e9rateurs, l’arm\u00e9e congolaise semble \u00eatre l\u2019un des acteurs les plus repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s. Contr\u00f4lant 44% de tous les barrages routiers \u00e9tudi\u00e9s, elle est suivie en termes de contr\u00f4le par les groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques, incluant les \u00ab\u00a0Wazalendo\u00a0\u00bb, les chefferies et les autorit\u00e9s locales, et la police. En comparaison avec une pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente \u00e9tude<\/a> d’IPIS sur les barrages routiers au Nord-Kivu datant de 2017, la part globale du contr\u00f4le des barrages routiers par des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques a augment\u00e9<\/strong> de plus de 117 %. Cette augmentation semble li\u00e9e \u00e0 l’\u00e9volution de la situation s\u00e9curitaire dans la r\u00e9gion, notamment : la fragmentation des groupes arm\u00e9s, l’\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge et la contre-offensive contre le M23.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPIS a analys\u00e9 le lien entre les barrages routiers et le commerce des minerais dans les deux territoires. La moiti\u00e9 des barrages routiers cartographi\u00e9s par l’\u00e9tude taxent les minerais ou les n\u00e9gociants en minerais, tandis que 1\/6e des barrages routiers \u00e9tudi\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablis uniquement pour taxer l’ASM ou le commerce des minerais. En fait, divers acteurs importants du secteur, tels que les coop\u00e9ratives, la police des mines et les d\u00e9tenteurs de concessions semblent tous \u00eatre impliqu\u00e9s, dans une certaine mesure, dans l’exploitation des barrages routiers. Ceux-ci surveillent souvent le flux de circulation \u00e0 l’entr\u00e9e et \u00e0 la sortie des sites miniers et taxent directement ou indirectement les minerais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Cependant, les barrages routiers ont des impacts critiques au-del\u00e0 du secteur minier. Il s’agit notamment de la restriction de la libert\u00e9 de mouvement<\/strong> de la population locale et des commer\u00e7ants, d’un impact contrast\u00e9sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9voluant entre une menace constante de violence et une plus grande perception de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 parmi les habitants. De plus, les taxes impos\u00e9es par les barrages routiers sur les biens et l’acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 peuvent \u00eatre incorpor\u00e9es dans les prix locaux<\/strong>, ce qui induit une forte augmentation du prix des produits de base locaux. Il est important de noter que 70 % des barrages routiers \u00e9tudi\u00e9s taxaient les produits agricoles, ce qui signifie qu’ils d\u00e9passent les minerais en tant que produits les plus tax\u00e9s aux barrages routiers. Cela met en \u00e9vidence des sch\u00e9mas plus larges de financement des conflits dans la r\u00e9gion, qui vont au-del\u00e0 du financement des conflits par les minerais. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, l’\u00e9tude<\/a> a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que par rapport \u00e0 2017, le contr\u00f4le des r\u00e9seaux de transport du Nord-Kivu est devenu de plus en plus fragment\u00e9 et militaris\u00e9. Elle a \u00e9galement montr\u00e9 comment les barrages routiers constituent un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 de l’\u00e9conomie politique du conflit au Nord-Kivu, et que malgr\u00e9 leur \u00e9loignement fr\u00e9quent des sites miniers, les sch\u00e9mas d’approvisionnement responsable doivent les consid\u00e9rer comme une forme d’interf\u00e9rence arm\u00e9e avec les minerais en transit. Enfin, l’\u00e9tude a \u00e9galement mis en \u00e9vidence la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’approfondir les recherches sur les impacts exacts des barrages routiers sur les moyens de subsistance des plus vuln\u00e9rables au Nord-Kivu, ainsi que sur le fonctionnement des organisations d’aide internationale dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Rendu possible gr\u00e2ce au soutient de USAID \u00e0 travers son projet Integrated Land and Resource Governance (ILRG). <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Si les minerais sont au centre des recherches sur le financement des conflits en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, les acteurs arm\u00e9s ont souvent recours \u00e0 d’autres sources de revenus pour financer leurs luttes. Lesbarrages routiers en font. Dans ce rapport, produit en collaboration avec ASSODIP et le Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS), IPIS \u00e9tudie […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":33684,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"research-program":[7,4],"publication-category":[11],"country":[42],"publication-author":[7502,7279,14,190,3659],"partner":[2276,2275],"publication-researcher":[],"publication-gis":[7316],"maps-data":[],"publication-editor":[],"data-analysis":[],"surveyor":[],"field-research-coordinator":[],"narrative":[],"class_list":["post-33723","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","research-program-conflict-mapping","research-program-natural-resources","publication-category-rapport","country-democratic-republic-of-the-congo","publication-author-jan-leysen","publication-author-janvier-murairi-assodip","publication-author-ken-matthysen","publication-author-peer-schouten","publication-author-saidi-kubuya","partner-assodip","partner-diis","publication-gis-thomas-muller-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nBarrages routiers \u00e0 Masisi et Walikale: Pr\u00e9dation sur la circulation en p\u00e9riode de troubles - IPIS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/publication\/roadblocks-in-masisi-and-walikale-predation-on-movement-in-turbulent-times\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Barrages routiers \u00e0 Masisi et Walikale: Pr\u00e9dation sur la circulation en p\u00e9riode de troubles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Si les minerais sont au centre des recherches sur le financement des conflits en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, les acteurs arm\u00e9s ont souvent recours \u00e0 d’autres sources de revenus pour financer leurs luttes. 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