{"id":31966,"date":"2023-12-22T11:24:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-22T10:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/?post_type=publication&p=31966"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:58:13","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T10:58:13","slug":"analyse-de-la-carte-interactive-des-zones-dexploitation-miniere-artisanale-dans-lest-de-la-republique-democratique-du-congo-mise-a-jour-2023","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/publication\/analyse-de-la-carte-interactive-des-zones-dexploitation-miniere-artisanale-dans-lest-de-la-republique-democratique-du-congo-mise-a-jour-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"Analyse de la carte interactive des zones d’exploitation mini\u00e8re artisanale dans l’est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (Mise \u00e0 jour 2023)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Depuis 2009, IPIS a cartographi\u00e9 et collect\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es sur plus de 2 800 sites d’exploitation mini\u00e8re artisanale et \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle (EMAPE) dans l’est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC). Dans ce rapport<\/a>, IPIS fournit sa mise \u00e0 jour 2023 de l’\u00e9tat de l’EMAPE dans l’est de la RDC, bas\u00e9e sur des donn\u00e9es provenant de plus de 829 sites artisanaux et de petite \u00e9chelle dans la zone entre 2021 et 2023. L’\u00e9tude analyse les liens entre l’exploitation mini\u00e8re, les conflits et l’ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans l\u2019EMAPE, et \u00e9value pourquoi les initiatives actuelles d’approvisionnement responsable n’ont pas r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 diminuer l’ing\u00e9rence arm\u00e9e dans l’exploitation mini\u00e8re, et encore moins \u00e0 avoir un impact positif sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Les donn\u00e9es recueillies pour l’\u00e9tude peuvent \u00eatre consult\u00e9es sur la <\/span><\/span>carte interactive<\/span><\/span><\/a> d’IPIS et sur le <\/span><\/span>tableau de bord des donn\u00e9es en acc\u00e8s libre<\/span><\/span><\/a>.  <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les r\u00e9sultats de l’\u00e9tude r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que malgr\u00e9 l’att\u00e9nuation des conflits arm\u00e9s \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle li\u00e9s aux minerais en RDC au cours des vingt derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les minerais restent li\u00e9s aux conflits. En effet, 61% des mineurs interrog\u00e9s dans le cadre de notre enqu\u00eate subissent des \u00ab\u00a0interf\u00e9rences\u00a0\u00bb (c’est-\u00e0-dire une recherche ill\u00e9gale de rente) de la part d’acteurs arm\u00e9s. Il s’agit aussi bien d’acteurs de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9tatiques que de groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques. Ces derniers interviennent dans 29 % des mines visit\u00e9es par IPIS. Des coupables bien connus sont les groupes CODECO et Jeunesse\/’Za\u00efre’ (en Ituri), NDC-R et FPP\/AP de Kabidon (au Nord-Kivu), et plusieurs groupes Ma\u00ef Ma\u00ef au Sud-Kivu et au Tanganyika.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’arm\u00e9e congolaise (FARDC) est cependant le plus grand interf\u00e9rent. Ses pratiques illicites de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de revenus autour des sites <\/span>artisanaux et de petite \u00e9chelle<\/span> ont un impact sur 37% des mines de <\/span>l\u2019<\/span>enqu\u00eate, qui emploient plus de 55 800 mineurs. <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPIS a \u00e9galement identifi\u00e9 des facteurs d’ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans l’<\/span>EMAPE<\/span> au-del\u00e0 du financement direct des conflits et de l’ing\u00e9rence arm\u00e9e. Il s’agit notamment de l’omnipr\u00e9sence d’anciens rebelles sur les sites miniers, ainsi que des tensions li\u00e9es \u00e0 l’in\u00e9galit\u00e9 d’acc\u00e8s aux ressources min\u00e9rales en raison de la discrimination (par exemple, sur la base de l’appartenance ethnique) et de l’in\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre les hommes et les femmes. En outre, la ru\u00e9e internationale vers les minerais de la RDC comporte certains risques en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 : il existe un nombre croissant d’exploitations semi-industrielles qui ne respectent pas les obligations l\u00e9gales, utilisent des dispositifs de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 douteux, instrumentalisent les r\u00e9seaux de m\u00e9c\u00e9nat et sapent la coh\u00e9sion sociale.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le rapport d\u00e9montre qu’une analyse plus int\u00e9gr\u00e9e de l’exploitation mini\u00e8re, de l’ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et du financement des conflits est n\u00e9cessaire pour que les politiques actuelles visant \u00e0 limiter l’ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le secteur de l’<\/span>EMAPE<\/span> portent <\/span>leurs fruits<\/span>. Ceci est particuli\u00e8rement vrai pour les initiatives d’approvisionnement responsable, qui restent largement inefficaces en raison de : leur <\/span>fondement bas\u00e9 sur une <\/span>compr\u00e9hension d\u00e9pass\u00e9e du lien entre le conflit et l’extraction mini\u00e8re dans l’est de la RDC ; une d\u00e9pendance excessive sur les agents de l’\u00c9tat sous-pay\u00e9s ; la nature d’exclusion de ces initiatives ; la n\u00e9gligence de l’impact socio-\u00e9conomique ; la capture de<\/span>s<\/span> \u00e9lite<\/span>s<\/span> (politique<\/span>s<\/span>) ; et le manque d’une \u00e9valuation approfondie (<\/span>co<\/span>)g\u00e9r\u00e9e par les parties prenantes de la RDC.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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T\u00e9l\u00e9charger ce rapport (FR)<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Carte des groupes arm\u00e9s interf\u00e9rant avec les sites ASM, 2021-2023 (829 sites).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Avec le soutien du projet <\/span><\/span>Integrated Land and Resource Governance (ILRG)<\/span><\/span> de USAID.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Depuis 2009, IPIS a cartographi\u00e9 et collect\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es sur plus de 2 800 sites d’exploitation mini\u00e8re artisanale et \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle (EMAPE) dans l’est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC). Dans ce rapport, IPIS fournit sa mise \u00e0 jour 2023 de l’\u00e9tat de l’EMAPE dans l’est de la RDC, bas\u00e9e sur des donn\u00e9es […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":31894,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"tags":[7420,7346,6942,7347],"research-program":[4],"publication-category":[11],"country":[42],"publication-author":[7502,14,7419,7128],"partner":[],"publication-researcher":[7253,7260,7424,7425,7426,7254,7427,7429,7430,7255,7432,7258,7433,7434],"publication-gis":[],"maps-data":[],"publication-editor":[],"data-analysis":[],"surveyor":[],"field-research-coordinator":[],"narrative":[],"class_list":["post-31966","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-asm-fr","tag-drc-fr","tag-map-fr","tag-mining-fr","research-program-natural-resources","publication-category-rapport","country-democratic-republic-of-the-congo","publication-author-jan-leysen","publication-author-ken-matthysen","publication-author-ntakobajira-zacharie-bulakali","publication-author-thomas-muller","publication-researcher-augustin-djamugisa-bedidjo","publication-researcher-bertin-nyamuhirwa-muganuza","publication-researcher-bienfait-mateso-mulindwa","publication-researcher-bienvenue-akasa-okoko","publication-researcher-chance-clarice-cikanga","publication-researcher-edgar-kakule-kamaliro","publication-researcher-emmanuel-kivuha-kahindo","publication-researcher-freddy-mugombekere-baleke","publication-researcher-gabriel-igilima-lunanga","publication-researcher-guillaume-ntangamyampi-alininyu","publication-researcher-josue-mfunyi-kadima","publication-researcher-lavoisier-lukindula-assumani","publication-researcher-mike-mudukwe-mirindi","publication-researcher-moise-katina-mbusa"],"yoast_head":"\nAnalyse de la carte interactive des zones d'exploitation mini\u00e8re artisanale dans l'est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (Mise \u00e0 jour 2023) - IPIS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/publication\/analyse-de-la-carte-interactive-des-zones-dexploitation-miniere-artisanale-dans-lest-de-la-republique-democratique-du-congo-mise-a-jour-2023\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Analyse de la carte interactive des zones d'exploitation mini\u00e8re artisanale dans l'est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (Mise \u00e0 jour 2023)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Depuis 2009, IPIS a cartographi\u00e9 et collect\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es sur plus de 2 800 sites d’exploitation mini\u00e8re artisanale et \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle (EMAPE) dans l’est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC). 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