{"id":27343,"date":"2022-11-29T11:36:54","date_gmt":"2022-11-29T10:36:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/\/?post_type=publication&p=27343"},"modified":"2022-12-01T17:30:10","modified_gmt":"2022-12-01T16:30:10","slug":"analyse-de-la-carte-interactive-des-zones-dexploitation-miniere-artisanale-dans-lest-de-la-republique-democratique-du-congo","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/publication\/analyse-de-la-carte-interactive-des-zones-dexploitation-miniere-artisanale-dans-lest-de-la-republique-democratique-du-congo\/","title":{"rendered":"Analyse de la carte interactive des zones d\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re artisanale dans l\u2019Est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (2022)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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t\u00e9l\u00e9charger le Synth\u00e8se (FR)<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Dans l’est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), le secteur de l’exploitation mini\u00e8re artisanale et \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle (EMAPE) joue un r\u00f4le important dans l’\u00e9conomie locale. Alors que les conflits arm\u00e9s \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle autour des richesses mini\u00e8res de la RDC ont consid\u00e9rablement diminu\u00e9 au cours des vingt derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les acteurs arm\u00e9s continuent d\u2019interf\u00e9rer dans le secteur minier. Les conflits li\u00e9s aux ressources restent \u00e9galement fr\u00e9quents au niveau local. Depuis 2009, IPIS a cartographi\u00e9 environ 2 720 sites artisanaux dans l’est de la RDC, recueillant des donn\u00e9es primaires sur l’interf\u00e9rence des groupes arm\u00e9s, les types de min\u00e9raux, le prix des min\u00e9raux, la d\u00e9mographie des travailleurs, les routes commerciales et les questions environnementales. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPIS continue \u00e0 mettre r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement \u00e0 jour sa base de donn\u00e9es de sites miniers. Entre septembre 2021 et mars 2022, IPIS a visit\u00e9 450 sites miniers dans l’est de la RDC avec le soutien du projet Integrated Land and Resource Governance (ILRG) de l’Agence am\u00e9ricaine pour le d\u00e9veloppement international (USAID). Les visites de sites se poursuivront jusqu’au d\u00e9but de l’ann\u00e9e 2023 mais les donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent peuvent d\u2019ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00eatre consult\u00e9es via la carte web interactive<\/a> d’IPIS et notre Open Data Dashboard<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La carte interactive des zones d\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re artisanale <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019analyse<\/a> des sites miniers nouvellement visit\u00e9s montre qu’une s\u00e9rie d’acteurs arm\u00e9s<\/strong> sont pr\u00e9sents dans les mines. Parmi ces acteurs arm\u00e9s, l’arm\u00e9e nationale congolaise<\/strong> (FARDC) est responsable de la plupart des cas d’interf\u00e9rence. Parmi les mines visit\u00e9es par IPIS, 27% des artisans travaillaient dans des mines o\u00f9 les FARDC extorquent des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices, principalement par le biais de taxes ill\u00e9gales. Bien que les FARDC aient repouss\u00e9 les r\u00e9bellions arm\u00e9es de certaines r\u00e9gions, elles tol\u00e8rent \u00e9galement l’ing\u00e9rence ill\u00e9gale d’autres groupes arm\u00e9s dans les mines, et parfois m\u00eame collaborent avec eux. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments FARDC sont \u00e9galement de plus en plus pr\u00e9sents dans les exploitations mini\u00e8res semi-industrielles<\/strong> o\u00f9 ils font office de gardes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9s, ce qui peut exacerber les tensions avec les communaut\u00e9s locales. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les groupes rebelles<\/strong> interf\u00e8rent \u00e9galement dans l’exploitation mini\u00e8re. Un exemple illustratif est le Front Patriotique pour la Paix\u2013Arm\u00e9e du Peuple<\/em> (FPP\/AP), qui est l’un des groupes arm\u00e9s les plus puissants dans le sud du territoire de Lubero. IPIS a r\u00e9pertori\u00e9 une trentaine de sites miniers sous leur contr\u00f4le dans la r\u00e9gion. Sur ces sites miniers, le FPP\/AP pr\u00e9l\u00e8ve diverses taxes afin de financer ses activit\u00e9s. Le FPP\/AP est en conflit ouvert avec le groupe arm\u00e9 Nduma D\u00e9fense du Congo \u2013 R\u00e9nov\u00e9 (NDC-R), notamment pour l’acc\u00e8s aux sites miniers, ce qui entra\u00eene une violence permanente dans la r\u00e9gion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, des progr\u00e8s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie. L’EMAPE ne finance plus les conflits ouverts de grande \u00e9chelle dans la m\u00eame mesure qu’au d\u00e9but du si\u00e8cle. Des progr\u00e8s peuvent \u00eatre observ\u00e9s en particulier dans le secteur 3T (\u00e9tain, tantale, tungst\u00e8ne). Par rapport aux mines d’or, les mines 3T obtiennent de meilleurs r\u00e9sultats en mati\u00e8re d’interf\u00e9rence arm\u00e9e, de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de surveillance par l’\u00c9tat. Cela est d\u00fb en partie aux initiatives d’approvisionnement responsable<\/strong>. Contrairement au secteur de l\u2019or artisanal, celui des 3T peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme \u00ab une question plus facile \u00e0 traiter \u00bb car il a traditionnellement \u00e9t\u00e9 moins sujet au financement des conflits et les mines 3T ne repr\u00e9sentent pas plus de 23% du secteur ASM dans l’est de la RDC. Il est donc d\u00e9cevant d’observer qu’apr\u00e8s toutes ces ann\u00e9es, plus de la moiti\u00e9 des mineurs sont toujours affect\u00e9s par l’ing\u00e9rence d\u2019acteurs arm\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au-del\u00e0 du financement des conflits, d’autres probl\u00e8mes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/strong> sont associ\u00e9s \u00e0 l’EMAPE dans l’est de la RDC. Les tensions autour de l’acc\u00e8s aux mines et aux min\u00e9raux entre les diff\u00e9rents acteurs de l’EMAPE persistent et peuvent conduire \u00e0 l’implication de groupes arm\u00e9s. En outre, la pr\u00e9sence croissante d’exploitations semi-industrielles repr\u00e9sente une autre source de tensions pour les communaut\u00e9s locales. Enfin, plusieurs tensions intercommunautaires latentes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9es dans les zones mini\u00e8res, et beaucoup d’anciens membres de milices – non d\u00e9mobilis\u00e9s – travaillent dans les mines. Ces probl\u00e8mes cr\u00e9ent une situation volatile difficile \u00e0 surveiller pour les agents de l’\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Supported by USAID, Integrated Land and Resource Governance (ILRG)<\/a> project <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans l’est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), le secteur de l’exploitation mini\u00e8re artisanale et \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle (EMAPE) joue un r\u00f4le important dans l’\u00e9conomie locale. Alors que les conflits arm\u00e9s \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle autour des richesses mini\u00e8res de la RDC ont consid\u00e9rablement diminu\u00e9 au cours des vingt derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les acteurs arm\u00e9s continuent […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":27341,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"tags":[180,99,125],"research-program":[4],"publication-category":[11],"country":[42],"publication-author":[14,7419,7128],"partner":[],"publication-researcher":[7253,7260,7424,7425,7426,7427,7428,7429,7430,7431,7432,7258,7433,7434,7435],"publication-gis":[],"maps-data":[],"publication-editor":[],"data-analysis":[7252],"surveyor":[],"field-research-coordinator":[7423],"narrative":[],"class_list":["post-27343","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-asm","tag-drc","tag-mining","research-program-natural-resources","publication-category-rapport","country-democratic-republic-of-the-congo","publication-author-ken-matthysen","publication-author-ntakobajira-zacharie-bulakali","publication-author-thomas-muller","publication-researcher-augustin-djamugisa-bedidjo","publication-researcher-bertin-nyamuhirwa-muganuza","publication-researcher-bienfait-mateso-mulindwa","publication-researcher-bienvenue-akasa-okoko","publication-researcher-chance-clarice-cikanga","publication-researcher-emmanuel-kivuha-kahindo","publication-researcher-erick-mandingaka-itaka-bobo","publication-researcher-freddy-mugombekere-baleke","publication-researcher-gabriel-igilima-lunanga","publication-researcher-jeremie-kabunga-katembo","publication-researcher-josue-mfunyi-kadima","publication-researcher-lavoisier-lukindula-assumani","publication-researcher-mike-mudukwe-mirindi","publication-researcher-moise-katina-mbusa","publication-researcher-philippe-bushiri-bilombele","data-analysis-thomas-muller","field-research-coordinator-ntakobajira-zacharie-bulakali"],"yoast_head":"\nAnalyse de la carte interactive des zones d\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re artisanale dans l\u2019Est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (2022) - IPIS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ipisresearch.be\/fr\/publication\/analyse-de-la-carte-interactive-des-zones-dexploitation-miniere-artisanale-dans-lest-de-la-republique-democratique-du-congo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Analyse de la carte interactive des zones d\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re artisanale dans l\u2019Est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (2022)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dans l’est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), le secteur de l’exploitation mini\u00e8re artisanale et \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle (EMAPE) joue un r\u00f4le important dans l’\u00e9conomie locale. 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